International D236 Specifications
| Engine Model: International Harvester D236 |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle inline 6-cylinder naturally aspirated liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 236 cu.in (3.9 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 52-61 Hp (38-45 kW) at 1800 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Indirect fuel injection |
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The International Harvester D236 is an inline
six-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine engineered for agricultural and
light industrial applications. As a member of International Harvester's
compact six-cylinder family, it delivers smooth power and substantial
low-speed torque through a long stroke design.
The engine employs an indirect injection combustion system, contributing
to refined operation and reliable cold starting characteristics. Its
construction prioritizes durability with features like replaceable dry
cylinder sleeves and a forged steel crankshaft. The D236 is recognized
for its workhorse reliability in utility tractors, providing a balanced
combination of power, smoothness, and serviceability for sustained farm
and loader work.
Engine Type: In-line, six-cylinder, four-stroke, liquid-cooled diesel.
Combustion System: Indirect injection, utilizing a pre-combustion
chamber.
Aspiration: Naturally aspirated.
Firing Order: 1-5-3-6-2-4.
Rotation (viewed from flywheel): Counter-clockwise.
Displacement: 236 cubic inches (3.87 liters).
Bore: 3.69 inches (93.7 mm).
Stroke: 3.69 inches (93.7 mm) – a square engine configuration.
Compression Ratio: 17.6 to 1.
Rated Power Output: 61 gross Hp at 1800 rpm (flywheel). Belt Hp is rated
at 52.43 Hp; drawbar Hp is 48.16 Hp.
Maximum Torque: 180 lb-ft (244 Nm) at 1300 rpm.
Governed Speed: 1800 rpm.
Weight (dry, approximate): 950 lbs (431 kg).
The cylinder block is a high-strength gray iron casting of rigid
construction. It features a replaceable dry cylinder sleeve design. Each
cylinder bore is fitted with a pressed-in, thin-walled dry sleeve made
of alloy iron. This design allows for cylinder refurbishment via sleeve
replacement without major block machining.
The crankshaft is supported by four main bearings, a design element that
distinguishes it from other six-cylinder engines. Main bearing caps are
made from nodular iron and secured with two vertical bolts per cap. The
block incorporates a comprehensive network of internal passages for
coolant circulation around the sleeves and oil distribution to the main
galleries.
The cylinder head is a single-piece cast iron component. It is machined
to accommodate the individual pre-combustion (swirl) chambers for the
indirect injection system. The head employs a crossflow layout.
Valve Arrangement: Overhead valves (OHV), actuated by pushrods and
rocker arms.
Valves per Cylinder: Two (one intake, one exhaust).
Intake Valve Head Diameter: 1.50 inches (38.1 mm).
Exhaust Valve Head Diameter: 1.28 inches (32.5 mm).
Valve Seat Angle: 45 deg.
Valve Stem Diameter: 0.3125 inches (7.94 mm).
Valve Lash (cold): Intake 0.015 inches (0.38 mm), Exhaust 0.017 inches
(0.43 mm).
Adjustment is performed with the engine cold.
The fuel system is an indirect injection design utilizing in-line
injection pumps.
Injection Pump: An International Harvester/Bosch or CAV in-line jerk
pump.
This is a six-cylinder piston-plunger type pump with individual pumping
elements, governed mechanically.
Injection Nozzles: Pintle-type nozzles designed for pre-combustion
chamber use.
Injection Pressure: 1065 to 1140 psi (73.5 to 78.5 bar).
Fuel Lift Pump: A camshaft-driven, diaphragm-type mechanical transfer
pump.
Fuel Filter: A dual-stage filtration system with a primary sediment bowl
and a secondary spin-on or cartridge-type paper element filter.
Static Injection Timing: Requires precise setting per engine
specification.
Common setting is 20 deg before top dead center.
Timing marks are provided on the vibration damper and the injection pump
drive housing.
The lubrication system is a full-pressure, full-flow design with a
gear-type pump.
Oil Pump: Gear-type, located in the engine oil pan and driven by the
camshaft.
Oil Capacity: 9 quarts (8.5 liters) including filter.
Oil Filter: Full-flow, spin-on type cartridge or canister-style
replaceable element.
Oil Pressure (operating): 40 to 55 psi at rated speed (2.8 to 3.8 bar).
Minimum acceptable pressure at a hot idle is 10 psi (0.7 bar).
Pressure Relief Valve: Integral to the oil pump housing.
Oil Cooler: Not standard equipment on base agricultural models.
The cooling system is a pressurized, pump-circulated system with
thermostatic control.
Water Pump: Centrifugal type, belt-driven from the crankshaft pulley.
Thermostat: Wax-pellet type, begins to open at 180 F (82 C).
Radiator Pressure Cap: 7 psi pressure cap (0.48 bar).
Coolant Capacity: 20.5 quarts (19.4 liters).
Coolant Recommendation: A 50/50 mixture of ethylene glycol antifreeze
and clean, soft water.
Electrical System: 12-volt negative ground.
Starting Motor: 12-volt, solenoid-actuated, high-torque gear reduction
type.
Charging Alternator: 12-volt, 40 to 60 ampere output, belt-driven with
an internal or external regulator.
Battery Recommendation: A single 12-volt battery, Group 4D or
equivalent, with a minimum of 650 cold cranking amps. Air Intake System:
Oil-bath air cleaner.
This design necessitates regular maintenance, particularly in dusty
operating environments.
Intake Manifold: Cast iron. Exhaust Manifold: Cast iron.
Length (front of damper to rear of flywheel housing): 38 inches (965
mm).
Width (over valve cover): 24 inches (610 mm).
Height (top of valve cover to base of oil pan): 29 inches (737 mm).
Weight (dry, as described): 950 lbs (431 kg).
Engine Oil Grade: Use a high-quality diesel engine oil meeting API
service classification CC or CD. SAE 30 is suitable for sustained
operation in ambient temperatures consistently above 40 F (4 C). SAE
10W-30 or 15W-40 is recommended for multi-temperature operation. Oil
Change Interval: Under normal agricultural service, change engine oil
and filter every 100 operating hours. For severe service conditions,
such as continuous heavy load or extreme dust, reduce the interval to 50
hours.
Oil Filter Change: Replace the spin-on filter or canister element with
every oil change. Fuel Filter Change: Drain water and sediment from the
primary bowl daily. Replace the primary and secondary fuel filter
elements every 250 operating hours. Coolant Change: Drain, flush, and
refill the cooling system every 2000 operating hours or 24 months.
Inspect coolant condition and freeze protection level seasonally. Air
Filter Service: Service the oil-bath air cleaner every 10 hours of
operation under normal conditions. This procedure involves cleaning the
wire mesh element and refilling the oil cup to the marked level with
fresh engine oil. Service daily in extremely dusty conditions.
Valve Lash Adjustment: Check and adjust valve clearance every 500
operating hours. Injection Timing Check: Verify static injection timing
every 1000 operating hours or after any fuel system service that
disturbs the pump drive train. Cylinder Sleeve Fit: During overhaul,
ensure dry sleeves are pressed into the block with the correct
interference fit. Sleeve protrusion above the block deck must be
uniform.
Cylinder Head Bolts: Torque in the specified sequence to a final value
of 95 to 100 lb-ft (129 to 136 Nm). Main Bearing Cap Bolts: 85 to 90
lb-ft (115 to 122 Nm).
Connecting Rod Cap Nuts: 45 to 50 lb-ft (61 to 68 Nm).
Flywheel to Crankshaft Bolts: 80 to 85 lb-ft (108 to 115 Nm).
Injector Nozzle Holder (in head): 35 to 40 lb-ft (47 to 54 Nm).
Rocker Arm Shaft Bracket Bolts: 20 to 25 lb-ft (27 to 34 Nm).
Oil Pan Drain Plug: 25 to 30 lb-ft (34 to 41 Nm).
The International Harvester D236 engine was primarily utilized in
specific utility tractor models. Its most recognized application is as
the standard diesel powerplant for the International Harvester 460
Utility tractor. This engine provided the necessary power and smooth
operation for loader work, backhoe operation, and general farm utility
tasks associated with this model.
The engine may also have been used in certain stationary industrial
applications and possibly in other low-volume industrial equipment
derived from the 460 platform. The D236 is closely associated with the
460 series, and engine model confirmation should always be made via the
engine serial number plate located on the block.
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