International DT402 Specifications
| Engine Model: International Harvester DT402 |
| Engine Type: 4-stroke in-line 6-cylinder turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 402 cu.in (6.58 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 145 Hp (108.2 kW) at 2200 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Direct injection |
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The International DT-402 is a 6.6-liter,
inline-six turbocharged diesel engine produced by International
Harvester at its Neuss engine plant in Germany between 1978 and 1996.
The DT designation signifies "Diesel Turbocharged," distinguishing it
from naturally aspirated D-series variants of the same displacement.
This engine represents the largest displacement member of the
German-built Neuss engine family, which included the D-206, D-239,
D-310, and D-358 units. The DT-402 was engineered to provide the high
torque rise and durability required for heavy agricultural and
industrial applications, serving as the flagship powerplant for the
International 1455 and 1455XL tractors.
The DT-402 shares fundamental architecture with its smaller sibling, the
D-358, including a seven-main-bearing crankshaft design and replaceable
wet cylinder liners. However, the DT-402 achieves its larger
displacement through a unique crankshaft with an extended stroke of
139.7 mm, combined with a 100 mm bore. The engine employs direct
injection mechanical fuel system with a Bosch inline injection pump,
delivering fuel efficiency and reliable starting characteristics.
While not equipped with electronic controls or modern common rail
injection, the DT-402 gained a reputation for robustness and
serviceability, becoming a foundation for high-performance tractor
pulling modifications in Europe where the engine block is known to
withstand significant power increases with appropriate fueling and
turbocharger upgrades.
The DT-402 is a water-cooled, four-stroke, compression-ignition
inline-six turbocharged diesel engine. Its long-stroke geometry and
seven-main-bearing design prioritize low-speed torque production and
durability over high-rpm power output.
Engine Type: Inline-6, turbocharged diesel.
Displacement: 6,583 cc (402.0 cu.in).
Bore: 100.0 mm (3.937 in).
Stroke: 139.7 mm (5.50 in).
Compression Ratio: Information not available in search results.
Valvetrain: OHV (Overhead Valve), 12-valve (2 valves per cylinder).
Firing Order: Information not available in search results.
Engine Management: Mechanical direct injection with Bosch injection
pump.
Aspiration: Turbocharged, no intercooler (non-aftercooled
configuration).
Rated Engine Speed: 2,200 rpm.
Maximum Power: 108.2 kW (145.0 hp) @ 2,200 rpm.
Maximum Torque: 528.8 Nm (390.6 lb-ft) @ 1,600 rpm.
The cylinder block is constructed from cast iron, a material selected
for its exceptional rigidity, thermal stability, and vibration-damping
characteristics under high cylinder pressures generated by turbocharged
diesel combustion. The block is a deep-skirt design, providing
substantial support for the seven main bearing caps and minimizing
crankshaft flex under load.
A defining feature of the DT-402 is its use of replaceable wet cylinder
sleeves (liners). These sleeves are in direct contact with engine
coolant on their outer surfaces, providing efficient heat transfer from
the combustion zone to the cooling system. The wet sleeve design also
allows for engine rebuilding without machining the parent block; worn
liners are removed and replaced with new components. The liners are
sealed at their lower flanges using O-rings to prevent coolant leakage
into the crankcase.
The crankshaft is supported by seven main bearings, a configuration that
provides superior support for the long-stroke (139.7 mm) rotating
assembly. This seven-bearing design contributes directly to the engine's
reputation for durability under sustained high-torque operation.
Block Material: Cast iron
Cylinder Liner Type: Replaceable wet sleeve
Liner Seal: O-ring (lower flange)
Main Bearings: 7
Crankshaft Material: Forged steel (unique to DT-402 for extended stroke)
The cylinder head is manufactured from cast iron, matching the block
material to ensure uniform thermal expansion across the head gasket
interface. This is an overhead valve (OHV) design, commonly referred to
as a "valve-in-head" configuration, with the camshaft located within the
cylinder block and operating the valves via pushrods and rocker arms.
The valve arrangement consists of two valves per cylinder - one intake
and one exhaust - for a total of twelve valves. The valves are equipped
with rotators, which impart a slight rotational movement to the valve
each time it opens. This rotation cleans combustion deposits from the
valve face and seat, promoting even wear and extending service life
under turbocharged operating conditions. The cylinder head incorporates
replaceable valve seats, allowing for servicing without complete head
replacement when wear or recession occurs.
Valves: 12 total (2 per cylinder)
Valve Operation: Pushrod and rocker arm (OHV)
Valve Rotators: Equipped on valves
Valve Seats: Replaceable
The fuel system is a mechanical direct injection system utilizing a
Bosch inline injection pump. Unlike distributor-type pumps found on
smaller engines, the inline pump features individual pumping elements
for each cylinder, delivering fuel at high pressure to mechanically
actuated injectors. This system provides precise fuel metering and
consistent injection timing across all six cylinders.
The injection pump is driven by the engine's gear train and is
mechanically governed to maintain rated engine speed (2,200 rpm) under
load while preventing overspeed conditions. Fuel is drawn from the fuel
tank through a primary filter and water separator before reaching the
injection pump. High-pressure injection lines deliver fuel to the
nozzle-type injectors mounted in the cylinder head, which inject fuel
directly into the combustion chamber. The direct injection configuration
eliminates pre-combustion chambers, contributing to improved fuel
efficiency and cold-start performance compared to indirect injection
designs.
Injection Type: Mechanical direct injection
Injection Pump: Bosch inline type
Governor: Mechanical
Injectors: Mechanical nozzle type
The lubrication system is a full-flow, pressure-fed design utilizing a
gear-type oil pump mounted to the front of the engine and driven by the
crankshaft gear train. The pump draws oil from a stamped steel or cast
aluminum oil pan and circulates it through a spin-on, full-flow oil
filter mounted externally on the engine block.
Pressurized oil is delivered to the seven main bearings, connecting rod
bearings, camshaft bearings, and the turbocharger center housing for
cooling and lubrication. The system incorporates a piston cooling
feature in turbocharged configurations, directing oil jets toward the
underside of each piston crown. This oil cooling is essential for
managing thermal loads under sustained high-load turbocharged operation,
preventing piston ring sticking and overheating. Oil Capacity (with
filter): 12.5 L (13.2 US qt).
The cooling system is a pressurized, liquid-cooled design specifically
engineered for the wet sleeve cylinder configuration. Coolant circulates
from a belt-driven centrifugal water pump through passages in the
cylinder block, surrounding the wet sleeves directly for efficient heat
transfer from the combustion zone.
The system features a cross-flow radiator with a mechanically driven
cooling fan, a wax-type thermostat controlling coolant flow to maintain
optimal operating temperature, and a surge tank or expansion reservoir.
The wet sleeve design requires proper coolant maintenance with corrosion
inhibitors to prevent cavitation erosion of the sleeve outer surfaces, a
critical consideration for longevity in this engine family.
Coolant Capacity (total system): 33.2 L (34.9 US qt)
Water Pump Type: Belt-driven centrifugal
| Intake and Exhaust Systems |
Air Intake System: Air is drawn through a dry-type replaceable paper
element air cleaner, passing through the turbocharger compressor housing
before entering the intake manifold. The intake manifold distributes
pressurized air evenly to all six cylinders.
Exhaust System: Exhaust gases exit the cylinders through the cast-iron
exhaust manifold, driving the turbocharger turbine wheel before passing
through a muffler and exhaust stack or pipe.
The DT-402 is equipped with a 12-volt electrical system for starting and
accessory operation. A 55-ampere alternator provides charging capability
for battery maintenance and electrical loads. System Voltage: 12V.
Alternator Output: 55A. Starter Motor: 12 V high-torque electric
starter. Glow Plugs: Cold-start aid (diesel applications).
The DT-402 is equipped with a turbocharger to increase air density
entering the cylinders, allowing for greater fuel combustion and power
output from the 6.6-liter displacement. The turbocharger is an external
wastegate design, regulating boost pressure mechanically. For the
DT-402, a Garrett T04B94 turbocharger is specified. The engine is not
equipped with an intercooler in standard agricultural configurations.
Oil Change Interval: 100-200 hours under normal operating conditions.
Oil Change Interval: 100 hours under severe conditions.
Oil Filter Change: At every oil change.
Coolant Change: 1,000-2,000 hours or 24 months.
Fuel Filter Replacement: 500 hours or annually.
Air Filter Cleaning/Replacement: 250-500 hours.
Valve Clearance Adjustment: Inspect and adjust as required.
The International DT-402 engine was utilized primarily in agricultural
and industrial equipment applications, serving as the
largest-displacement option in the German-built Neuss engine family.
International Harvester 1455 Tractor (1979-1981): The primary
application for the DT-402. This 4-wheel drive agricultural tractor was
manufactured from 1979 to 1981 and rated at 145 hp. The engine provided
drawbar power for heavy tillage and field operations.
International Harvester 1455XL Tractor: An updated version of the 1455
featuring cosmetic and specification improvements, retaining the DT-402
as its powerplant. The XL designation indicated "Extra Luxury" trim
level with enhanced operator accommodations.
International 530 Equipment: The DT-402 was used in certain industrial
equipment applications, including the International 530 machinery
series.
International 953 Combine Harvester: The DT-402 powered certain
configurations of the 953 combine harvester, providing threshing power
and machine propulsion.
International 640HD Excavator: Heavy-duty excavator applications
utilized the DT-402 for its torque characteristics suitable for digging
and material handling operations.
Tractor Pulling Competition: The DT-402 block has gained recognition in
European tractor pulling circles as a foundation for high-performance
modifications. The robust seven-main-bearing bottom end and wet sleeve
construction allow for increased fueling via Bosch P-series injection
pumps and larger turbochargers such as Holset units.
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