Yanmar 2TR13A Specifications
| Engine Model: Yanmar 2TR13A |
| Engine Type: 4-stroke 2-cylinder naturally aspirated water-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 40.4 cu.in (0.7 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 13 Hp (9.6 kW) at 2800 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Indirect injection |
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The Yanmar 2TR13A is a naturally aspirated,
two-cylinder, vertical, four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine. It
belongs to the TR series and is designated by the “A” suffix to indicate
specific internal updates or applications primarily within Yanmar’s
compact agricultural tractor lineup. This engine was designed for
versatile, heavy-duty use in sub-compact tractors, offering a balance of
low-speed torque, reliability, and mechanical simplicity.
It utilizes an indirect injection system with a pre-combustion chamber,
a design philosophy that prioritizes smooth operation and fuel
efficiency over outright power. The 2TR13A is commonly found in various
Yanmar YM series models from the late 1970s through the 1980s, including
the YM135, YM155, and YM165 tractors. Its robust construction is
complemented by a comprehensive forced lubrication system and a 12V
electric starting system with a manual hand-crank backup, making it
suitable for demanding agricultural environments.
The Yanmar 2TR13A is distinguished by its heavy-duty, naturally
aspirated architecture and reliance on indirect injection technology. It
features a compact 2-cylinder inline layout with a displacement of 0.7
liters, achieved through a bore and stroke of 75 mm by 75 mm, making it
a “square” engine. The engine operates at a rated speed of 2700 rpm,
producing a maximum output of 9.6 kW (13 hp) and a continuous rating of
8.8 kW (12 hp).
The combustion system incorporates a pre-combustion chamber, a design
that allows for quieter operation compared to direct injection engines
of its era. Forced lubrication is managed by a trochoid-type oil pump,
maintaining reliable oil pressure across the rated operating range. The
cooling system uses raw water (direct seawater) cooling in marine
applications, while in tractor use, it relies on a liquid-cooled
radiator system. The engine is coupled to a mechanical cone clutch
transmission, offering multiple forward and reverse ratios for
agricultural versatility.
Engine Type: Vertical inline 2-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel
Displacement: 0.7 L (40.4 cu.in)
Bore: 75.0 mm (2.95 in)
Stroke: 75.0 mm (2.95 in)
Compression Ratio: 23.0:1
Combustion System: Indirect injection (Pre-combustion chamber)
Aspiration: Naturally aspirated
Firing Order: 1-2
Max Power: 9.6 kW (13 hp) @ 2800 rpm
Continuous Power: 8.8 kW (12 hp) @ 2600 rpm
Max Torque: 39.2 Nm (28.9 lb-ft) @ 2200 rpm
Rated Operating Speed: 2700 rpm
The cylinder block is constructed from cast iron with a vertical, inline
2-cylinder configuration. It features an open-deck design and
incorporates the crankcase as an integral part of the casting. The block
design provides the necessary rigidity for diesel cycle stresses.
Cylinder bores are machined directly into the cast iron parent material.
The water jacket surrounds the cylinders, providing efficient heat
dissipation. The block includes provisions for mounting the engine to a
variety of chassis configurations, including agricultural tractors and
marine gearboxes.
The cylinder head is a separate casting, manufactured from cast iron. It
houses the indirect injection pre-combustion chambers, intake and
exhaust valves, and the valve actuation mechanism. Each cylinder is
equipped with one intake and one exhaust valve, actuated by a pushrod
and rocker arm system. The camshaft is located within the cylinder
block, driven by gears from the crankshaft.
Valves: 4 total (2 intake, 2 exhaust)
Bore x Stroke (Mechanical): 75.0 mm x 75.0 mm
Combustion system: Pre-combustion chamber
Lubrication: Forced with trochoid pump
Cooling system: Separate radiator water cooling (tractor)
Cooling system: Direct seawater cooling (marine)
Starting: Electric starter (12V) / Hand crank
Valve clearance (Cold): 0.2 mm (0.008 in) for both intake and exhaust
The fuel system is a mechanical indirect injection setup. A Bosch-style
or Yanmar inline injection pump delivers high-pressure fuel to the
injectors. The system includes a fuel filter with a water separator to
protect the injection components.
Fuel is injected into a pre-combustion chamber (swirl chamber) located
in the cylinder head. Primary combustion initiates in this chamber
before expanding into the main cylinder bore, resulting in quieter
operation. The mechanical governor is integrated into the injection pump
assembly. Fuel injection pressure: 160 kg/cm2 (15.7 MPa / 2275 psi).
The lubrication system is a forced-feed design utilizing a trochoid-type
oil pump. This pump is mounted internally and driven by the camshaft or
crankshaft. Oil is drawn from the sump through a strainer, pressurized,
and passed through a full-flow filter. The pressurized oil is then
circulated to the main bearings, connecting rod bearings, camshaft
bearings, and valve mechanism. An oil filler port is located on the
valve cover or block, and a dipstick is provided for level inspection.
Oil Capacity (total): 2.8 L (3.0 US qt)
Oil Capacity (sump): 2.0 L (2.1 US qt)
Recommended Oil: Diesel-grade SAE 10W-30, 15W-40, or 20W-20 depending on
ambient temperature.
The cooling system varies by application. In the YM series tractors, the
system uses a forced circulation of coolant (water/antifreeze) driven by
a belt-driven centrifugal water pump. A radiator with a cooling fan
dissipates heat to the atmosphere.
A wax-type thermostat regulates the coolant temperature. In marine
applications, the engine uses a direct raw water (seawater) cooling
system where water is pumped directly through the engine block and
exhaust manifold.
| Intake and Exhaust Systems |
Intake System: Air is drawn through a dry-type, dual-stage air cleaner
with a replaceable paper element. The system includes a pre-cleaner to
remove large debris before the main filter.
Exhaust System: The exhaust manifold is a cast iron unit mounted to the
cylinder head. It is connected to a vertical muffler and exhaust pipe,
with a diameter of 40 mm.
The engine utilizes a 12V negative ground electrical system. It includes
a 12V electric starter motor and a belt-driven alternator rated at 35A.
A manual hand-crank starting mechanism is provided as a backup.
Overall Length: 702 mm (27.6 in)
Overall Width: 440 mm (17.3 in)
Overall Height: 525 mm (20.7 in)
Dry Weight (with gearbox): 150 kg (331 lb)
Exhaust Pipe Diameter: 40 mm (1.57 in)
Alternator Dimensions: 100 mm x 110 mm (3.9 in x 4.3 in)
Alternator Pulley Diameter: External 75 mm (3.0 in)
Valve Clearance (Cold, Intake): 0.2 mm (0.008 in)
Valve Clearance (Cold, Exhaust): 0.2 mm (0.008 in)
Valve Clearance Inspection Interval: Annually or every 500 hours
Engine Oil Change Interval: Every 100 operating hours
Oil Filter Replacement: Every 200 operating hours
Fuel Filter Replacement: Every 200 operating hours
Coolant Replacement Interval: Annually or every 600hours
Air Filter Element Cleaning: Every 50 operating hours
Fuel Injection Pressure: 160 kg/cm2 (15.7 MPa / 2275 psi)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Step 1): 39.3 Nm (29 lb-ft)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Step 2): 78.0 Nm (58 lb-ft)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Step 3): 97-107.2 Nm (72-79 lb-ft)
Cylinder Head Assist Bolts: 29.8 Nm (22 lb-ft)
Connecting Rod Bolts: 34-39 Nm (25-29 lb-ft)
Flywheel Bolts: 61 to 68 Nm (45 to 50 lb-ft)
The Yanmar 2TR13A engine was primarily utilized in compact and
sub-compact agricultural tractors produced in the late 20th century. It
was a standard powerplant for specific 2-wheel-drive (2WD) and
4-wheel-drive (4WD) models.
Yanmar YM135 / YM135D: Sub-compact utility tractor (2WD) and
dual-wheel-drive (4WD) versions.
Yanmar YM155 / YM155D: Sub-compact utility tractor, an evolution of the
YM135 series, offering similar chassis and powertrain integration.
Yanmar YM1500 / YM1300D: Compact tractor series utilizing the 2TR13A
engine in specific Asian domestic market (JDM) configurations.
Yanmar YM165: Higher horsepower variant of the YM series, equipped with
the 2TR13A rated for 16hp.
Marine Applications: Various small marine gear and auxiliary power units
(raw water cooled variants).
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