Yanmar 2TR15 Specifications
| Engine Model: Yanmar 2TR15 |
| Engine Type: 4-stroke 2-cylinder naturally aspirated water-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 43.08 cu.in (0.71 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 15 Hp (11 kW) at 2800 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Indirect injection |
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The Yanmar 2TR15 is a two-cylinder, vertical,
four-stroke, water-cooled diesel engine from the TR series, manufactured
as a high-output variant for compact agricultural machinery. This
naturally aspirated powerplant features indirect injection through a
pre-combustion chamber design, prioritizing fuel efficiency, smooth
operation, and ease of starting across varied ambient conditions. The
Yanmar 2TR15 utilizes direct seawater cooling, known as raw water
cooling, making it suitable for applications where fresh water supply
may be limited.
Engine starting is accomplished through a 12-volt electric starter with
a manual hand-crank backup provision, ensuring operational reliability
in remote locations. The cast iron construction provides exceptional
durability and vibration damping, characteristic of Yanmar’s heavy-duty
design philosophy. This engine found primary application in the Yanmar
YM1500 compact utility tractor produced from approximately 1975 to 1979,
as well as in various industrial and marine applications requiring
moderate power output with high reliability.
Type: Inline 2-cylinder, vertical, 4-stroke, water-cooled diesel,
naturally aspirated.
Displacement: 0.706 L (43.08 cu.in).
Bore x Stroke: 75.0 mm (2.95 in) x 80.0 mm (3.15 in).
Maximum Output: 11.0 kW (15.0 hp) at 2800 rpm.
Continuous Output: 9.9 kW (13.5 hp) at 2600 rpm.
Valvetrain: Overhead valve configuration with pushrods and rocker arms.
Two valves per cylinder.
The cylinder block is manufactured from high-grade cast iron, providing
exceptional rigidity, vibration damping, and wear resistance for
continuous marine duty. This ferrous construction contributes
significantly to the engine’s overall mass but ensures longevity under
sustained load conditions. The block features an integral cast iron
cylinder liner design with no separate replaceable sleeves, requiring
reboring during major overhaul.
Two cylinders are arranged in-line with a firing interval of 360 degrees
of crankshaft rotation. The block incorporates seawater cooling passages
surrounding each cylinder bore, with zinc anodes installed in the
cooling circuit to prevent galvanic corrosion. Three main bearings
support the crankshaft, with the bearing caps machined integrally with
the block for precise alignment.
The cylinder head is manufactured from cast iron, matching the block
material for uniform thermal expansion characteristics. The
pre-combustion chamber design incorporates a separate glow plug for cold
start assistance. Valves are arranged in an overhead configuration
operated by pushrods and rocker arms from a single camshaft located
within the cylinder block.
Valve Arrangement: Overhead valve (OHV), 2 valves per cylinder (4
total).
Valve Train: Camshaft-in-block design with mechanical pushrods and
rocker arms.
Intake Valve Diameter: 32.0 mm (1.26 in).
Exhaust Valve Diameter: 30.0 mm (1.18 in).
Valve Stem Diameter: 7.0 mm (0.28 in).
Valve Clearance (Cold, Intake and Exhaust): 0.20 mm (0.008 in). The
cylinder head incorporates replaceable valve guides and valve seat
inserts for serviceability. The pre-combustion chamber is a separate
insert pressed into the cylinder head, featuring a small orifice that
directs burning fuel into the main combustion chamber with high
turbulence.
Combustion System: Indirect injection utilizing a pre-combustion chamber
(swirl chamber) design. Fuel is injected into the pre-chamber where
partial combustion occurs before expanding into the main cylinder.
Fuel Injection Pressure: 160 kg/cm2 (2275 psi).
Fuel Injection Pump: Inline plunger-type pump, one plunger per cylinder.
Injectors: Nozzle-type opening directly into the pre-combustion chamber.
Fuel Requirement: Diesel fuel meeting appropriate cetane rating for
ambient operating conditions.
Lubrication Type: Forced lubrication system utilizing a trochoid pump.
The trochoid pump design provides reliable oil flow with compact
dimensions and few moving parts.
Oil Pump Drive: Driven from the crankshaft.
Engine Oil Capacity: 3.0 L (3.17 qt) total system capacity.
Recommended Oil Grade: Diesel-rated engine oil meeting API CD or higher
classification. Viscosity selection based on ambient temperature, SAE
10W-30 or 15W-40. The lubrication system incorporates a full-flow oil
filter to remove particulates before oil distribution to the crankshaft
bearings, connecting rod bearings, and valve train components.
0Cooling Type: Direct seawater cooling (raw water cooling). Seawater is
drawn directly from the source, circulated through the engine block and
cylinder head, and discharged overboard or through the exhaust system.
Water Pump: Flexible impeller-type pump for seawater circulation. The
impeller requires periodic inspection and replacement as it is a wear
component subject to abrasion and deterioration.
Thermostat: Opening temperature of 71°C (160°F). The thermostat
regulates coolant flow to maintain optimal operating temperature for
combustion efficiency and reduced wear.
| Intake and Exhaust Systems |
Air Intake System: Natural aspiration without turbocharger. A dry-type
replaceable air filter element removes particulates before air enters
the cylinders.
Exhaust System: Exhaust pipe connection diameter of 40 mm (1.57 in). The
exhaust system may be routed through a water-cooled elbow on marine
installations.
Starting System: Electric start system operating on 12 volts with a
starter motor. A manual hand-crank backup is provided as a redundant
starting method for use when the electrical system is unavailable or
battery charge is insufficient.
Electrical System: 12-volt negative ground configuration. Alternator
output of 35 amperes at 12 volts. A single 12-volt battery is standard
equipment.
Transmission Integration: The 2TR15 frequently couples with the KH-18
transmission assembly in agricultural applications. Clutch: Mechanical
cone clutch providing direct mechanical engagement. Forward Reduction
Ratios: Available ratios of 2.03:1, 2.48:1, or 3.02:1 depending on the
specific tractor configuration and market requirements. Reverse Ratio:
3.02:1. Power Take-Off (PTO) operation is driven directly from the
transmission.
Overall Engine Length: 710 mm (28.0 in) from front cover to flywheel
housing.
Overall Engine Width: 440 mm (17.3 in) measured at the widest point of
the engine block or fuel system components.
Overall Engine Height: 535 mm (21.1 in) from oil pan sump to cylinder
head cover.
Dry Weight (with gear): 155 kg (342 lb) inclusive of the flywheel and
transmission adapter.
Engine Oil Change Interval: 100 operating hours under normal conditions.
Severe duty operation, including dusty environments or sustained
high-load operation, requires 50-hour intervals. Oil Filter Replacement:
Change at every oil change. The full-flow filter is a spin-on or
cartridge type depending on the specific engine configuration. Fuel
Filter Replacement: Replaceable element filter. Replacement interval of
200 operating hours or sooner if water contamination or fuel flow
restriction is observed. The fuel system incorporates a water separator
with a drain provision.
Valve Clearance Inspection Interval: 200 operating hours. Adjustment as
required to maintain 0.20 mm (0.008 in) clearance on both intake and
exhaust valves. Injection Pressure Testing: Injectors should be removed
and tested at 1000-hour intervals. Opening pressure must maintain 160
kg/cm2 (2275 psi). Deviations exceeding 5 kg/cm2 (71 psi) from
specification require injector nozzle replacement. Cooling System
Maintenance: Seawater pump impeller replacement every 500 operating
hours or 12 months. Impeller deterioration causes insufficient cooling
flow leading to overheating.
Air Filter Service: Dry element cleaning every 100 operating hours in
normal conditions. Daily cleaning in dusty environments. Element
replacement annually or when visible damage or restriction is observed.
Fuel Injection Timing Check: 500-hour intervals. Timing marks should
align when the cylinder number one is at top dead center on the
compression stroke. Head Nut Torque Verification: 50 operating hours
after cylinder head reinstallation or engine overhaul. Retorque as
specified.
Cylinder Head Nuts: 70 Nm (51.6 lb-ft).
Connecting Rod Cap Bolts: 45 Nm (33.2 lb-ft).
Main Bearing Cap Bolts: 60 Nm (44.3 lb-ft).
Flywheel Bolts: 55 Nm (40.6 lb-ft).
Injector Hold-Down Nuts: 25 Nm (18.4 lb-ft.
Rocker Arm Shaft Bracket Nuts: 20 Nm (14.8 lb-ft).
Valve Adjustment Locknuts: 15 Nm (11.1 lb-ft).
Fuel Injection Pump Mounting Nuts: 20 Nm (14.8 lb-ft).
Oil Drain Plug: 30 Nm (22.1 lb-ft).
Timing Gear Cover Bolts: 12 Nm (8.9 lb-ft).
Water Pump Mounting Bolts: 20 Nm (14.8 lb-ft).
Starter Motor Mounting Bolts: 35 Nm (25.8 lb-ft).
Alternator Mounting Bracket Bolts: 25 Nm (18.4 lb-ft).
Yanmar YM1500 Tractor: 1975 to 1979 production years. This compact
utility tractor uses the 2TR15 as its standard powerplant, available in
both 2-wheel drive (YM1500) and 4-wheel drive (YM1500D) configurations.
The tractor features a Category I three-point hitch with a rear lift
capacity of 648 kg (1430 lb). Tractor weight ranges from 612 kg (1350
lb) for 2WD models to 680 kg (1500 lb) for 4WD models.
Yanmar YM2500 Tractor: The 2TR15 engine also fits this larger chassis
configuration, sharing the same engine mounting pattern and drivetrain
interface.
Yanmar YM2610 Tractor: Another compatible chassis accepting the 2TR15
engine as a replacement or original equipment variant.
Industrial Applications: The 2TR15 appears in various stationary
industrial power units, including water pumps, generators, and small
construction equipment requiring 10-15 kW of continuous power output.
Marine Applications: Small workboats, fishing vessels, and auxiliary
power units utilize the direct seawater cooling configuration described
in the base engine specifications.
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