Volvo Penta D6-400 Specifications
| Engine Model: Volvo Penta D6-400 |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle inline 6-cylinder turbocharged freshwater-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 336 cu.in (5.5 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 400 Hp (294 kW) at 3500 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Common rail direct injection |
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The Volvo Penta D6-400 is a high-performance,
in-line 6-cylinder, 5.5-liter diesel engine, introduced in 2011 as the
most powerful diesel sterndrive on the market. It was the first engine
in the D6 series to reach the 400 horsepower mark. The engine utilizes a
unique combination of a mechanical supercharger and a variable geometry
turbocharger (VGT) to provide a broad, flat torque curve throughout the
entire rpm range.
This "dual charging" system delivers massive torque at low engine
speeds, enabling rapid planing of heavy vessels, while the VGT ensures
efficient performance at high speeds. The engine is based on the proven
design of the IPS600 and features a solid cast-iron block, a ladder
frame for rigidity, and fully integrated Electronic Vessel Control (EVC)
for features like joystick docking and cruise control.
Engine Type: In-line 6-cylinder, 4-cycle, water-cooled diesel.
Displacement: 5.5 L (336 cu.in).
Bore x Stroke: 103 mm x 110 mm (4.06 in x 4.33 in).
Compression Ratio: 17.5:1.
Crankshaft Power: 294 kW (400 hp) at 3500 rpm.
Full Throttle Range: 3400-3500 rpm.
Peak Torque: 970 Nm (715 lb-ft) at 2000 rpm.
Aspiration: Turbocharged and supercharged with charge air cooler
(aftercooler).
Fuel System: Electronically controlled high-pressure common rail (HPCR)
with piezo-electric or increased capacity injectors.
Emission Compliance: IMO NOx Tier II, EU RCD Stage II, EPA Tier 3.
The cylinder block is manufactured from high-strength cast iron for
maximum rigidity and durability under high cylinder pressures. The
design incorporates a ladder frame bolted to the engine block, which
reinforces the lower structure, minimizes vibrations, and increases the
engine's resistance to torsional forces.
This robust construction is essential for withstanding the high torque
output of 970 Nm. The engine features integrated cylinder liners and a
seven-bearing crankshaft for smooth operation and long service life. The
block is designed to be immensely strong, using advanced materials and
technology to ensure high reliability in demanding marine environments.
The cylinder head is a single-piece cast-iron unit with double overhead
camshafts (DOHC). The valve arrangement uses four valves per cylinder
(24 total), with two intake and two exhaust valves, arranged to optimize
airflow for efficient combustion.
Replaceable valve seats are used to extend the service life of the head.
The cylinder head features a modified combustion chamber design with new
valve positions and increased capacity injectors to improve efficiency
and eliminate smoke. The total height of the cylinder head is 135 mm
(5.32 in).
0The fuel system is a high-pressure common rail (HPCR) direct injection
system. It is electronically controlled by the Engine Control Unit (ECU)
as part of the Electronic Vessel Control (EVC) system.
The system utilizes piezo-electric or high-capacity injectors, allowing
for multiple injection events per combustion cycle. This precise control
results in lower fuel consumption, reduced noise, and smoother, quieter
engine operation. The system achieves a fuel consumption of 219 g/kWh,
contributing to the engine's efficiency.
The lubrication system is a forced-feed, full-flow pressurized system.
It features a seawater-cooled oil cooler to maintain stable oil
temperatures under continuous high-load operation. The system uses
spin-on, full-flow oil filters, with both a full-flow and a bypass
filter element.
A crankcase oil separator system keeps the engine clean by recirculating
blow-by gases. An oil level sensor and an oil temperature sensor are
integrated into the system to provide data to the EVC display and
maintenance assistant. The sump bolting has specific torque requirements
to ensure a leak-free seal.
The cooling system is a freshwater (closed-loop) cooling system with a
seawater heat exchanger. Coolant circulation is driven by a belt-driven
seawater pump. The system utilizes a high-capacity heat exchanger and an
improved oil cooler to handle the increased thermal load of the 400 hp
output.
A separate seawater circuit passes through the charge air cooler
(aftercooler) to reduce the temperature of the intake air, which
increases density and improves combustion efficiency. The thermostat
controls the coolant temperature to maintain optimal operating
conditions.
Dual Charging (Supercharger and Turbocharger): A mechanical supercharger
provides boost pressure at low engine speeds (below approximately 2000
rpm), delivering massive torque for rapid acceleration onto the plane. A
variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) takes over at higher speeds,
providing efficient boost for top-end performance. A bypass valve
controls the transition between the two systems .
Timing Drive: The engine uses a front-mounted timing chain and gear
system to drive the camshafts, fuel pump, and other components. A
separate timing gear cover and idler wheels are part of this system.
Electronic Vessel Control (EVC): The engine is fully integrated with
Volvo Penta’s EVC system. This electronic platform enables features such
as joystick docking for twin installations, automatic power trim, cruise
control, and a glass cockpit instrument display.
Crankcase Ventilation: A crankcase oil separator recirculates gases back
into the intake system to prevent oil mist from entering the engine
compartment.
Drive Options: The engine is available with three drive configurations.
The DPH Aquamatic Sterndrive features a reinforced Duoprop with twin
counter-rotating propellers and a heavy-duty bearing box. The DPI
Aquamatic Sterndrive is the latest generation with integrated electronic
steering. It is also available as the IPS550 when paired with the
Inboard Performance System pod drive for enhanced maneuverability and
fuel efficiency.
Dry Weight (Engine only): 594 kg (1310 lb)
Length: 1078 mm (42.44 in)
Width: 397 mm (15.63 in)
Height (from oil pan rail to rocker cover top): 135 mm (5.32 in)
Engine Oil Capacity (with filter): Consult Volvo Penta operator's manual
for specific pan configuration.
Recommended Oil Grade: Volvo Penta VDS-3 (SAE 5W-30) or VDS-4 (SAE
0W-40, 5W-30, 10W-40).
Oil Change Interval: 200 hours or annually, whichever occurs first.
Oil Filter Replacement: Replace with every oil change.
Fuel Filter Replacement: 200 hours or annually.
Valve Clearance: Hydraulic lash adjusters; no manual adjustment
required.
Cooling System: Check seawater pump impeller annually; replace every 200
hours or 2 years.
EVC Maintenance Assistant: The standard display indicates time to
service based on engine hours and operating conditions.
Cylinder Head Bolts (Stage 1): 60 Nm (44 lb-ft)
Cylinder Head Bolts (Stage 2): 180 Nm (133 lb-ft)
Main Bearing Cap Bolts (Ladder frame to block): 30 Nm (22 lb-ft)
Main Bearing Cap Cross Bolts: 40 Nm (30 lb-ft)
Connecting Rod Cap Bolts: 20 Nm (15 lb-ft)
Flywheel Bolts: 60 Nm (44 lb-ft)
Camshaft Bearing Cap Bolts: 12 Nm (9 lb-ft)
Injector Clamp Bolts: 25 Nm (18 lb-ft)
Common Rail Mounting Bolts: 22 Nm (16 lb-ft)
Oil Filter (spin-on): 25 Nm (18 lb-ft)
Oil Pan Bolts: 20 Nm (15 lb-ft)
Water Pump Mounting Bolts (freshwater pump): 25 Nm (18 lb-ft)
Seawater Pump Mounting Bolts: 20 Nm (15 lb-ft)
Thermostat Housing Bolts: 20 Nm (15 lb-ft)
Intake Manifold Bolts: 20 Nm (15 lb-ft)
Exhaust Manifold Nuts: 35 Nm (26 lb-ft)
Turbocharger Mounting Nuts: 45 Nm (33 lb-ft)
Supercharger Mounting Bolts: 35 Nm (26 lb-ft)
Starter Motor Mounting Bolts: 45 Nm (33 lb-ft)
Alternator Pivot and Adjusting Bolts: 25 Nm (18 lb-ft)
Sport Cruisers and Motor Yachts: Ideal for boats between 35 and 45 feet
(10.6 to 13.7 meters) requiring rapid acceleration for planing.
Commercial Vessels: Fast patrol boats, pilot boats, and water taxis
where rapid response and reliability are essential.
Drive Options: Offered with DPH, DPI Aquamatic Sterndrives, or as IPS550
pod drive system.
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