Cat 3412E Specifications
| Engine Model: Caterpillar 3412E |
| Engine Type: 4-stroke 12-cylinder V-block turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 1,649 cu.in (27.0 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 475-1400 Hp (352-1,037 kW) at 2300 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Electronic Unit Injector |
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The Caterpillar 3412E is a 27.0-liter, V-12,
4-stroke-cycle diesel engine renowned for its durability, high power
density, and advanced electronic management. Introduced as part of
Caterpillar’s 3400E Series, this engine utilizes the HEUI (Hydraulically
actuated Electronic Unit Injector) fuel system combined with the ADEM
III (Advanced Diesel Engine Management) controller.
This combination provides precise control over injection parameters,
resulting in superior fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and robust
performance across demanding marine, industrial, and power generation
applications. Its deep-skirted block and forged internal components
ensure longevity under continuous heavy loads.
Engine Configuration: V-12, 4-stroke-cycle diesel.
Displacement: 27.0 L (1,649 cu.in).
Bore x Stroke: 137.2 mm x 152.4 mm (5.4 in x 6.0 in).
Aspiration: Turbocharged and Aftercooled (ATAAC - Air-to-Air Aftercooled
or JWAC - Jacket Water Aftercooled depending on configuration).
Compression Ratio: 14.5:1 (some marine ratings utilize 14.7:1).
Rotation: Counter-clockwise (viewed from flywheel end).
Dry Weight: Ranges from 2,400 kg to 3,814 kg (5,300-8,405 lbs) based on
configuration and attached systems (flywheel, heat exchanger, etc.).
Horsepower Range: 475 HP to 1,400 HP.
Industrial / Gen Drive: 600-900 HP.
Marine (High Performance): Up to 1,400 HP (1,044 kW) at 2,300 RPM.
Rated Speed: 1,200 RPM to 2,300 RPM (common ratings at 1,800-2,300 RPM).
Peak Torque: 4,750-5,700 Nm (3,500-4,200 lb-ft), depending on horsepower
rating and calibration.
The cylinder block is a deep-skirted, high-strength cast iron design
that provides maximum rigidity and reduces vibration. This design allows
the crankshaft to be mounted lower in the block for increased support.
The block utilizes full-length, water-cooled cylinder liners (wet-type)
to ensure uniform cooling and excellent roundness retention under high
cylinder pressures. The deep-skirt construction enhances the engine’s
ability to withstand high torsional loads, making it suitable for
extreme industrial and marine environments.
The engine is equipped with individual cylinder heads for each cylinder
bank or individual cylinder head assemblies (depending on the specific
arrangement), constructed from high-grade cast iron. The valve train
utilizes stellite-faced valves for superior wear resistance against high
combustion temperatures. Valve Configuration: Overhead valve (OHV) with
valve rotators to extend valve life.
Valve Length: HEUI engines utilize longer intake and exhaust valves
compared to earlier mechanical models. The intake valve features a head
diameter of 47.0 mm (1.85 in) and a length of approximately 202.0 mm
(7.95 in) with a 30-degree valve face.
Valve Bridges: Late-model 3412E engines use a valve bridge design that
does not ride on dowels, utilizing longer valve stems to accommodate the
HEUI system’s hydraulic pressures.
The 3412E utilizes the proprietary HEUI (Hydraulically actuated
Electronic Unit Injector) fuel system. Unlike conventional mechanical
systems, HEUI uses high-pressure engine oil (pressurized up to 28,000
psi / 193,000 kPa) to actuate the fuel injectors. This system allows the
ADEM III Electronic Control Module (ECM) to independently control
injection pressure, timing, and duration regardless of engine speed.
This results in:
Rate Shaping: Modifies heat release during combustion for reduced noise
and emissions.
High Pressure: Ensures complete combustion for maximum efficiency and
reduced exhaust smoke.
The lubrication system is a high-capacity, gear-driven circuit designed
to support the HEUI system’s oil demand.
Oil Capacity: 68 L (18 U.S. gal) for the engine sump.
HEUI Oil Supply: A dedicated high-pressure oil pump supplies oil to the
injectors.
Oil Cooler: A large-capacity oil cooler maintains optimal oil viscosity
for both engine durability and HEUI actuation.
Oil Requirement: High-quality diesel engine oil (Cat DEO or equivalent
15W-40).
The cooling system utilizes a gear-driven centrifugal water pump
designed for high flow rates. To ensure durability under peak thermal
loads, the system features: Coolant Capacity: 60 to 90 L (varies by
radiator or heat exchanger configuration).
Piston Cooling: Oil spray jets direct coolant (oil) to the underside of
the pistons to manage combustion heat. Water-Cooled Manifolds:
Turbocharger housings and exhaust manifolds are often integrated with
the water circuit to reduce under-hood temperatures and thermal stress
on components.
Air System: The engine is equipped with dual turbochargers (parallel or
series flow depending on rating) and a large-capacity aftercooler. Air
cleaners are heavy-duty, dry-type radial seals with primary and
secondary elements and a precleaner for extended service intervals.
Electrical System: Direct-electric 24-volt starting system with a
high-output alternator (up to 100 amps). The ADEM III ECM manages all
engine functions, provides advanced diagnostics, and integrates with
machine systems via the Cat Data Link.
Starting Aid: An ether injection system is standard for cold-weather
starting.
Overall Length: 2,146 mm (84.5 in)
Overall Width: 1,488 mm (58.6 in)
Overall Height: 1,451 mm (57.1 in)
Dry Weight: 3,814 kg (8,405 lbs) for marine commercial configurations;
industrial configurations range from 2,400 kg (5,300 lbs).
Intake Valve Lash (Cold): 0.38 mm (0.015 in)
Exhaust Valve Lash (Cold): 0.76 mm (0.030 in)
Oil System Capacity: 68 L (18 U.S. gal).
Coolant Capacity: 60-90 L (16-24 U.S. gal).
Fuel System: Requires high-pressure oil filters specific to the HEUI
system, changed at regular intervals to prevent injector wear.
Connecting Rod Bolts: 110-120 Nm (81-89 lb-ft)
Cylinder Head Bolts: 150-170 Nm (111-125 lb-ft)
Main Bearing Caps: 270-300 Nm (200-220 lb-ft)
Flywheel Bolts: 115-125 Nm (85-92 lb-ft)
The Caterpillar 3412E is utilized across a wide spectrum of heavy
machinery and marine vessels.
Marine: Propulsion engines for luxury yachts, sportfishing vessels,
commercial workboats, tugboats, and fishing trawlers. Often paired with
keel cooling or heat exchanger systems.
Industrial: Power units for rock crushers, large wood chippers, and
hydraulic power packs.
Mining: Prime mover for off-highway trucks (such as the Caterpillar
773E), large wheel loaders, and wheel dozers (such as the 844).
Off-Highway: Excavators (such as the 5110B) and heavy-duty material
handlers.
Power Generation: Prime and standby generator sets for hospitals, data
centers, and industrial facilities requiring reliable emergency power.
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