Ford CVR5 Specifications
| Engine Model: Ford CVR5 |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle 4-cylinder DOHC 16-valve turbocharged liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 134.2 cu.in (2.19 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 155 Hp (114 kW) at 3500 rpm |
| Fuel System Type: Common Rail Direct Injection |
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The Ford CVR5 represents a dedicated high-performance
variant within the Duratorq TDCi (Puma) engine family. Displacing 2.2 liters,
this inline 4-cylinder turbocharged diesel unit was engineered specifically for
longitudinal engine bay layouts, underpinning the Ford Transit (V363) and
Transit Custom models from 2011 to 2018.
Designed primarily for Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD) and All-Wheel Drive (4x4)
configurations, the CVR5 distinguishes itself through a robust cast iron
cylinder block, a sophisticated Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT), and a
high-pressure common rail fuel system.
It was calibrated to deliver a balance of high torque at low engine speeds for
commercial vehicle duty cycles while adhering to Euro 5 emissions standards,
offering a service life oriented around a timing chain-driven valvetrain and a
structurally reinforced lower crankcase.
Engine Family: Ford Duratorq TDCi (Puma).
Engine Code: CVR5.
Configuration: Inline 4-cylinder, transversely mounted for longitudinal RWD/4x4
application.
Displacement: 2198 cc (134.1 cu.in).
Bore: 86.0 mm (3.39 in).
Stroke: 94.6 mm (3.72 in).
Compression Ratio: 15.5:1.
Firing Order: 1-3-4-2.
Maximum Power Output: 114 kW (155 hp) at 3500 rpm.
Maximum Torque: 385 Nm (284 lb-ft) at 1600-2500 rpm.
Aspiration: Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) with air-to-air intercooler.
Emission Standard: Euro 5.
Idle Speed: 780 rpm ± 50 rpm.
The cylinder block is constructed from high-strength
cast iron, providing a rigid foundation necessary for high cylinder pressures
generated by the turbocharged direct injection system. It features a closed-deck
design to enhance structural integrity under thermal and mechanical load. The
block is machined with deep-skirt side walls extending below the crankshaft
centerline.
A structural aluminum alloy oil sump is bolted to the lower section of the
block, contributing to overall engine rigidity and noise reduction. Cylinder
bores are precision-machined with a plateau honed finish to optimize oil
retention and piston ring sealing. The block incorporates integral mounting
points for the RWD and 4x4 transmission bell housing and engine mounts specific
to the Transit chassis.
The cylinder head is manufactured from aluminum alloy,
utilizing a Double Overhead Camshaft (DOHC) design with four valves per
cylinder, totaling 16 valves. The cross-flow design optimizes intake and exhaust
gas flow. The intake valves have a diameter of 28.6 mm (1.13 in), while exhaust
valves measure 25.0 mm (0.98 in). Valve stems are nitride-treated for wear
resistance.
The valvetrain operates via a timing chain, with hydraulic lash adjusters and
roller finger followers that eliminate the need for manual valve clearance
adjustments. The cylinder head incorporates integrated coolant passages
directing flow around the pre-combustion area and valve seats to manage thermal
loads effectively. Valve seat inserts are constructed from sintered alloy
materials to withstand the high temperatures of diesel combustion.
The fuel system is a high-pressure Common Rail Direct
Injection (CRDI) configuration operating at pressures up to 1800 bar (26,106
psi). The system utilizes a Bosch CP1H high-pressure pump driven by the timing
chain. A fuel rail mounted on the cylinder head stores pressurized fuel,
distributing it to solenoid-operated injectors.
The injectors are centrally positioned to deliver fuel directly into the
combustion chamber with a multi-injection strategy, incorporating pre-injection,
main injection, and post-injection phases to reduce combustion noise and
optimize particulate filter regeneration. A fuel cooler is integrated into the
return line to manage fuel temperature. The system is equipped with a
water-in-fuel sensor and a replaceable fuel filter module with a service
interval of 30,000 km (18,641 mi).
The lubrication system is a forced-feed, full-flow type
utilizing a gear-type oil pump mounted on the front of the crankshaft. The pump
delivers oil through a full-flow filter and an integrated oil cooler. The system
capacity, including the filter, is 10.1 liters (10.7 qt) for standard RWD
applications and 10.3 liters (10.9 qt) for 4x4 configurations due to additional
cooler and line volumes.
Oil pressure at idle is maintained at a minimum of 1.5 bar (21.8 psi), while
operating pressure at 3500 rpm ranges from 3.5 to 5.0 bar (50.8 to 72.5 psi).
The recommended oil grade is SAE 5W-30, conforming to Ford specification
WSS-M2C913-C or WSS-M2C913-D. A piston cooling jet system is integrated into the
block, directing oil to the underside of the piston crowns for thermal
management.
The cooling system operates under pressure with a
sealed expansion tank. System capacity ranges from 10.0 to 14.0 liters (10.6 to
14.8 qt), contingent on the presence of an auxiliary heater or additional cabin
heating circuits. The water pump is a centrifugal type driven by the auxiliary
drive belt.
A dual-speed electric fan is controlled by the Engine Control Unit (ECU) based
on coolant temperature, air conditioning pressure, and engine load. The
thermostat begins to open at 88°C (190°F) and is fully open at 100°C (212°F).
Coolant used must meet Ford specification WSS-M97B44-D, a long-life ethylene
glycol-based fluid. The cylinder head and block utilize a cross-flow cooling
path to minimize thermal gradients.
| Intake and Exhaust Systems |
Intake System: Features a variable intake manifold with
integrated swirl flaps to promote air-fuel mixing at low engine speeds.
Induction air passes through a replaceable dry-type air filter element before
entering the Variable Geometry Turbocharger.
Exhaust System: Includes a close-coupled Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and a
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) as a single unit. The system uses a differential
pressure sensor to monitor DPF soot load and initiates passive and active
regeneration cycles.
| Engine Management and Electrical System |
Electrical System: A 12-volt system with a 220-amp
alternator specific to the commercial vehicle application. Glow plugs are
ceramic-type, capable of maintaining post-heating cycles to reduce emissions
during warm-up.
Engine Management: The ECU is a Bosch EDC17C10 unit controlling injection
timing, boost pressure via the VGT actuator, and exhaust aftertreatment
regeneration strategies.
Overall Length: 685 mm (26.97 in)
Overall Width: 725 mm (28.54 in)
Overall Height: 765 mm (30.12 in)
Dry Engine Weight (without alternator, starter, and turbocharger): 195 kg (430
lb)
Fully Dressed Weight (with all accessories and fluids): 220 kg (485 lb)
Oil Change Interval: 30,000 km (18,641 mi) or 24
months, whichever occurs first, under normal operating conditions; 15,000 km
(9,321 mi) under severe duty. Oil Filter Replacement: Replace at every oil
change interval. Fuel Filter Replacement: 30,000 km (18,641 mi). Air Filter
Replacement: 45,000 km (27,960 mi) or as indicated by the air filter restriction
gauge.
Timing Chain: No replacement interval specified; inspect for noise and
elongation at 240,000 km (149,129 mi). Valve Clearance: Hydraulic lash
adjusters; no manual adjustment required. Coolant Replacement: 10 years or
240,000 km (149,129 mi), then every 5 years or 120,000 km (74,565 mi). Drive
Belt (Accessory): Inspect every 30,000 km (18,641 mi); replacement is
condition-based.
Cylinder Head Bolts (M12 x 1.75): Stage 1: 40 Nm (30
lb-ft); Stage 2: 90° rotation.
Main Bearing Cap Bolts (M10 x 1.25): 50 Nm (37 lb-ft) + 60° rotation.
Connecting Rod Cap Bolts (M9 x 1.0): 30 Nm (22 lb-ft) + 90° rotation.
Flywheel Bolts (M12 x 1.25): 90 Nm (66 lb-ft) + 90° rotation.
Camshaft Bearing Cap Bolts (M8 x 1.25): 20 Nm (15 lb-ft) + 30° rotation.
Intake Manifold Bolts (M8 x 1.25): 20 Nm (15 lb-ft).
Exhaust Manifold Bolts (M8 x 1.25): 25 Nm (18 lb-ft).
Fuel Injector Clamp Bolts (M6 x 1.0): 10 Nm (7 lb-ft) + 180° rotation.
Glow Plugs: 15 Nm (11 lb-ft).
Engine Oil Drain Plug: 35 Nm (26 lb-ft).
Water Pump Bolts (M6 x 1.0): 10 Nm (7 lb-ft).
Ford Transit (V363): 2012-2018, RWD and 4x4
configurations, available in van, chassis cab, and minibus body styles.
Ford Transit Custom (V362): 2012-2018, primarily RWD applications, heavy-duty
variant with reinforced rear axle.
Ford Transit Tourneo Custom: 2012-2018, passenger version utilizing the CVR5
engine in high-output form for commercial passenger transport.
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