Isuzu C223 Specifications
| Engine Model: Isuzu C223 |
| Engine Type: 4-cycle inline 4-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel |
| Total Displacement: 137 cu.in (2.24 L) |
| Rated Engine Power: 60-70 Hp (45-52 kW) at 4000 rpm |
| Aspiration Type: Naturally aspirated |
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The Isuzu C223 engine is a 2.2 liter inline
four cylinder diesel engine forming part of the C-series family,
including the C190, C221, C223, and C240. First introduced in the late
1970s and produced through the 1990s, the C223 became one of Isuzu's
most successful small diesel engines. Known for excellent longevity,
conservative engineering, low maintenance requirements, and high fuel
efficiency, the C223 powered light trucks, SUVs, industrial machinery,
agricultural equipment, and stationary power units across global
markets.
Several versions exist, including the base C223, the improved C223-II,
the industrial C223-I, and the marine C223-M. The engine is recognized
for its cast iron construction, mechanical direct injection, gear driven
camshaft, and ability to operate reliably under harsh environmental and
fuel conditions.
The C223 is a naturally aspirated, four stroke, inline four diesel
engine with displacement of approximately 2238 cc or 2.24 liters (137
cu.in). Bore is 89.0 mm or 3.50 inches. Stroke is 92.0 mm or 3.62
inches. This long stroke design produces strong torque at low and mid
rpm ranges. Compression ratio ranges from 20.0:1 to 21.0:1 depending on
version. Power output for automotive versions ranges between 60 and 70
horsepower at approximately 4000 rpm.
Industrial and marine versions are derated for continuous duty. Torque
output is typically between 140 and 160 Nm or about 103 to 118 lb-ft at
approximately 2200 to 2400 rpm. The firing order is 1-3-4-2. Crankshaft
rotation is clockwise when viewed from the front.
The crankshaft is forged steel supported by five main bearings. Pistons
are cast aluminum alloy with reinforced ring grooves and three piston
rings. Connecting rods are forged steel. The block is cast iron with
thick walls for long wear life. The cylinder head is cast iron and uses
swirl type precombustion chambers for efficient combustion. The
valvetrain uses a block mounted camshaft driving pushrods and rocker
arms. The camshaft is gear driven, as is the injection pump, providing
lifetime timing accuracy without belts or chains. Valve clearances are
manually adjustable.
C223-II Version
The C223-II is an improved version
featuring:
Revised piston crown shape
Improved injector spray pattern
Reinforced rocker arm pivot surfaces
Enhanced head gasket sealing
Higher efficiency glow plugs
Revised cooling jacket for better thermal balance
Improved rear oil seal design.
C223-I Industrial Version
Designed for continuous duty:
Constant speed governor for generator and pump sets
Heavy duty cooling system
Optional remote oil filter
Oversized air filtration
24 volt starting options
Derated horsepower for long operating life.
C223-M Marine Version
Designed for marine environments:
Salt resistant materials
Heat exchanger cooling system
Modified fuel governor for propeller load characteristics
Marine electrical components
Optional keel cooling
Water cooled exhaust elbow.
Fuel delivery is via mechanical direct injection. A gear driven inline
pump meters and times injection. A mechanical governor maintains engine
rpm under varying loads. High pressure steel lines deliver fuel to
mechanical pintle or multi hole injectors.
A mechanical lift pump draws fuel through a primary water separator and
secondary fine filter before the injection pump. Recommended fuel is No.
2 diesel. Fuel filter replacement every 20,000 km or 12,000 miles. Water
separator draining recommended at every service. Injector servicing at
80,000 to 100,000 km or 50,000 to 62,000 miles.
Lubrication uses a full pressure wet sump with a gear driven trochoid
oil pump. Oil is drawn through a sump screen and routed through a full
flow spin on filter. Oil capacity is about 5.0 liters or 5.3 US quarts.
Normal oil pressure at 3000 rpm is 300 to 450 kPa or about 43 to 65 psi.
Hot idle pressure is around 70 to 100 kPa or 10 to 15 psi. Recommended
oil viscosity is SAE 15W 40. Oil changes are recommended every 5000 to
8000 km or 3000 to 5000 miles. Industrial versions require oil changes
every 150 to 250 hours.
The cooling system is liquid cooled, driven by a belt driven centrifugal
water pump. Coolant circulates through block jackets, cylinder head
passages, radiator, and heater core. The thermostat opens at
approximately 82 degrees Celsius or 180 degrees Fahrenheit and is fully
open at about 95 degrees Celsius or 203 degrees Fahrenheit. Cooling
system capacity is about 7.0 liters or 7.4 US quarts.
Radiators may be copper brass or aluminum. Air-flow is provided by a
mechanical fan. Marine versions use heat exchangers or raw water
cooling. Coolant replacement recommended every two years.
| Intake and Exhaust Systems |
Induction is naturally aspirated. Automotive engines use a dry element
air filter. Industrial and agricultural units use multistage cyclone
filtration for dusty environments. The intake manifold is cast iron or
cast aluminum. The system is tuned for low rpm torque.
Cast iron exhaust manifolds are used. Emissions equipment is minimal.
Some late C223-II units include simple EGR systems. Marine versions
include water cooled exhaust risers and corrosion resistant components.
| Electrical and Starting Systems |
A 12 volt electrical system is standard. Alternators produce 35 to 45
amperes. A heavy duty reduction gear starter is used. Glow plugs assist
cold starting. Industrial and marine engines may use 24 volt systems.
Electrical grounding must be maintained for proper operation.
| Valve Timing and Drive Mechanism |
The camshaft and injection pump are gear driven from the crankshaft.
Valve actuation uses pushrods and rocker arms.
Valve clearances:
Intake: 0.25 mm or 0.010 inches
Exhaust: 0.30 mm or 0.012 inches
Adjustment every 20,000 km or 12,000 miles.
Standard engine dimensions:
Length: about 700 mm or 27.6 inches
Width: about 560 mm or 22.0 inches
Height: about 710 mm or 28.0 inches
Dry weight: 180 to 210 kg or 397 to 463 lbs depending on accessories.
Standard maintenance includes:
Oil and filter every 5000 to 8000 km
Fuel filter every 20,000 km
Air filter inspection every 10,000 km
Valve clearance every 20,000 km
Coolant every 2 years
Injector service every 80,000 to 100,000 km.
Compression pressure:
Normal: 2600 to 3000 kPa or 377 to 435 psi
Minimum: 2200 kPa or 319 psi.0000000000000000000000
Cylinder head bolts: 90 Nm then 120 Nm
Main bearing cap bolts: 110 Nm
Connecting rod bolts: 60 Nm
Flywheel bolts: 120 Nm
Intake manifold bolts: 30 Nm
Exhaust manifold nuts: 35 Nm
Injector hold down nuts: 25 Nm
Oil drain plug: 35 Nm.
The C223 powered:
Isuzu Faster and KB pickups
Isuzu Trooper and MU early diesel versions
Light commercial trucks
Construction machinery including compact loaders
Agricultural tractors and implements
Stationary pumps, generators, compressors
Marine auxiliary engines and small vessels.
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